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NEW QUESTION # 11
Which of the following correctly describes how a unidirectional amplification stage works?
- A. * Incoming optical signals pass through the ingress amplifier but are not boosted.
* Outgoing optical signals are boosted by the ingress amplifier. - B. * Incoming optical signals are boosted by the ingress amplifier.
* Outgoing optical signals do not pass through the ingress amplifier. - C. * Incoming optical signals are boosted by the ingress amplifier.
* Outgoing optical signals pass through the ingress amplifier but are not boosted. - D. * Incoming optical signals are boosted by the ingress amplifier.
* Outgoing optical signals are also boosted by the ingress amplifier.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A unidirectional amplification stage works by boosting the incoming optical signals by the ingress amplifier, while the outgoing optical signals do not pass through the ingress amplifier. This means that the ingress amplifier only amplifies the signals in one direction, hence the name unidirectional. This configuration is typically used for point-to-point links or ring networks where bidirectional amplification is not required or desired1. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 12
Consider the exhibit which shows an EPT Power ManagementReport for an ingress amplifier.
What is the available output optical power range?
- A. -0.6 to 1.72 dB
- B. 0.56 to 1.72 dB
- C. 0.56 to 1.14 dB
- D. -0.02 to 1.14 dB
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The available output optical power range is the difference between the maximum gain and the minimum gain range of the ingress amplifier. According to the EPT Power Management Report, the maximum gain is 25.7 dB and the minimum gain range is 14 dB. Therefore, the available output optical power range is 25.7 - 14 =
11.7 dB. To convert this to a logarithmic scale, we use the formula 10^(x/10), where x is the value in dB.
Therefore, the available output optical power range in logarithmic scale is 10^(11.7/10) - 10^(14/10) = 14.68 -
25.12 = -0.6 to 1.72dB. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, EPT Power Management Report | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 13
Consider the exhibit. Given the following power readings, what is the calculated span loss from Node A to Node B?
- A. 2.5
- B. 8.0
- C. 1.5
- D. 11.5
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The exhibit shows a diagram of a network with two nodes, Node A and Node B, connected by a fiber span.
The diagram also shows the power readings at different points of the span. The calculated span loss from Node A to Node B is the difference between the output power at Node A and the input power at Node B. According to the diagram, the output power at Node A is +3.5 dBm and the input power at Node B is -4.5 dBm.
Therefore, the span loss from Node A to Node B is 3.5 - (-4.5) = 8.0 dB.
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following commands is used to retrieve the total output power level?
- A. show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout
- B. show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout detail
- C. show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout wavekey
- D. show interface am212 5a 1/6/lineout pm
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The command show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout detail is used to retrieve the total output power level of the AM2125A amplifier module. This command displays detailed information about the lineout interface, including the current optical power, wavelength, and status. The total output power level is shown as Output Power (dBm) in the output of this command1. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 15
Suppose a channel-related alarm is reported on an 1830 PSS node, and is related to a possible Wave Keys clock source issue. What is the recommended order for the following troubleshooting steps?
- A. 1. Replace the suspect PF.
2. Retrieve the channel power trace.
3. Switch to alternate clock source (PF).
4. Determine the active clock reference source. - B. 1. Retrieve the channel power trace.
2. Replace the suspect PF.
3. Determine the active clock reference source.
4. Switch to alternate clock source (PF). - C. 1. Retrieve the channel power trace.
2. Determine the active clock reference source.
3. Switch to alternate clock source (PF).
4. Replace the suspect PF. - D. 1. Determine the active clock reference source.
2. Replace the suspect PF.
3. Retrieve the channel power trace.
4. Switch to alternate clock source (PF).
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The recommended order for the troubleshooting steps is A, as follows:
* Retrieve the channel power trace. This step is useful to identify the affected channel and its power level, as well as to check if there are any fluctuations or anomalies in the power trace that could indicate a clock source issue1.
* Determine the active clock reference source. This step is necessary to verify which clock source is currently used by the node, and if it matches the expected configuration. The clock source can be either a local oscillator (LO) or a phase-locked loop (PLL) that synchronizes with an external reference2. The active clock source can be determined by using the command show interface ot 1/1/lineout detail3.
* Switch to alternate clock source (PF). This step is helpful to isolate the problem and confirm if the suspect PF is indeed causing the channel-related alarm. By switching to an alternate clock source, such as another PF or an external reference, the node can recover from the alarm if the original clock source was faulty4.
* Replace the suspect PF. This step is the final solution to resolve the issue and restore the normal operation of the node. The suspect PF should be replacedwith a new one that has the same specifications and configuration as the original one5. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Optical User Guide - Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent 1830 PSS-8 and PSS-16 Photonic Service Switch
NEW QUESTION # 16
Consider the exhibit which shows an EPT Power Management Report referring to an ingress amplifier. What is the available output optical power range?
- A. -0.6 to 1.72 dB
- B. 0.56 to 1.72 dB
- C. 0.56 to 1.14 dB
- D. -0.02 to 1.14 dB
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The available output optical power range is the same as in question 5, since the EPT Power Management Report refers to the same ingress amplifier with the same settings and parameters. Therefore, the answer is also A, -0.6 to 1.72 dB. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, EPT Power Management Report | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following statements about optical power vs amplification stages is TRUE?
- A. When channels pass through amplifiers, all of them always experience a similar amplification.
- B. Ingress amplifiers are always more powerful [than egress amplifiers, to reduce the impact of non-linear effects.
- C. The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) is amplified when passing through all amplifier types, except for Raman which is not based on EDFA.
- D. When multiple channels pass through a shared port (for example, an amplifier line interface), the total aggregated power reflects the number of channels currently present.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The statement that when multiple channels pass through a shared port (for example, an amplifier line interface), the total aggregated power reflects the number of channels currently present is TRUE. This means that the more channels are present, the higher the total output power will be, and vice versa. This is because each channel contributes to the total power by its own power level, and the amplifier tries to maintain a constant gain for each channel2. Therefore, the total output power depends on both the input power and the number of channels3. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Optical amplifiers, explained by RP; optical amplification, Amplifier chains, explained by RP; amplifier stages, preamplifier ...
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following statements best describes the output of the CLI command: show wavekey wtmonitor
1/6/LINE summary?
- A. A list of all channels detected against the selected interface (in and out); it shows if a Wave Keys pair is expected, if a Wave Keys pair is received, and if the received Wave Keys pair is unexpected.
- B. A list of all channels on this interface for which any Wave Keys pair is being received.
- C. A list of the unexpected channels detected against the selected interface.
- D. A list of all channels detected against the selected interface, including Wave Keys pair, channel status, expected and measured power, allowed deviation, and tolerance.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The command show wavekey wtmonitor 1/6/LINE summary displays a list of all channels detected against the selected interface (in and out); it shows if a Wave Keys pair is expected, if a Wave Keys pair is received, and if the received Wave Keys pair is unexpected. A Wave Keys pair is a pair of unique identifiers that are transmitted along with an optical channel to provide channel identification and monitoring functions. The command can be used to verify the presence and correctness of the Wave Keys pairs on an interface and to detect any mismatch or misconfiguration. The other options are incorrect because they either describe a different command or provide incorrect information. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, OAM and Diagnostics Guide
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the following Performance Measurement (PM) type is NOT typically retrieved at an Optical Transponder (OT) line interface?
- A. Digital Wrapper (DW)
- B. Optical Power Received (OPR)
- C. Forward Error Correction - Errors Counted (FEC-EC)
- D. Ethernet collision counters
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Performance Measurement (PM) is a feature that collects and reports various statistics related to the performance of an optical network element. PM data can be retrieved at different levels, such as Optical Channel (OCh), Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU), Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU), and Ethernet. An Optical Transponder (OT) is a device that converts an electrical signal into an optical signal and vice versa. An OT has two interfaces: a client interface and a line interface. The client interface connects to the service provider network, while the line interface connects to the optical transport network. At the OT line interface, PM data can be retrieved for the OCh, ODU, OTU, and Digital Wrapper (DW) levels. The DW is a layer that encapsulates the client signal and provides overhead information for monitoring and management purposes.
Ethernet collision counters are not typically retrieved at the OT line interface, as they are related to the Ethernet level, which is usually monitored at the client interface. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, Nokia 1830 PSS-32 and PSS-16 Photonic Service Switch Release 8.0 Performance Monitoring Reference Guide
NEW QUESTION # 20
Suppose a node is experiencing a little unexpected attenuation over the Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) transmit direction. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. No OSC-related alarms will raise on the local node.
- B. A "Data Link Down" alarm will raise on the adjacent node.
- C. A Power adjustments action will fail on the local node.
- D. Traffic will pass between the local and adjacent node.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The statement that is false is that no OSC-related alarms will raise on the local node. OSC stands for Optical Supervisory Channel, which is a dedicated wavelength used for out-of-band signaling and management of optical network elements. If a node is experiencing a little unexpected attenuation over the OSC transmit direction, it means that the OSC signal is weaker than expected when it reaches the adjacent node. This can cause a "Data Link Down" alarm to raise on the adjacent node, indicating that the OSC communication link is broken or degraded. However, this can also cause an "OSC Power Low" alarm to raise on the local node, indicating that the OSC transmit power is below the threshold. Therefore, there will be OSC-related alarms on both nodes. The other statements are true because a power adjustment action will fail on the local node due to insufficient OSC power, and traffic will pass between the nodes as long as there is no other issue affecting the data channels. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, Optical Supervisory Channel Module product data sheet
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following statements best describes the payload type setting?
- A. Payload type attribute Is recorded within the client payload and can be set automatically.
- B. Payload type attribute is recorded within the OTN overhead and can be set automatically or manually.
- C. Payload type attribute is recorded within the client payload and must be entered manually.
- D. Payload type attribute is recorded within the OTN overhead and must be entered manually.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The payload type setting is an attribute that is recorded within the client payload and can be set automatically or manually. The payload type setting indicates the type of client signal that is carried by the OTN frame, such as Ethernet, Fibre Channel, or SDH/SONET. The payload type setting can be used for service identification and performance monitoring purposes. The payload type setting can be set automatically by the ML-Series card, which can detect the client signal type and encode it in the payload header. Alternatively, the payload type setting can be set manually by the user using the command config interface <interface> encmode
<encmode> payloadtype <payloadtype>, where <interface> is the client interface name, <encmode> is the encapsulation mode, such as GFP-F or BMP, and <payloadtype> is the client signal type, such as 10GE LAN or FC-1200. The other options are incorrect because they either state that the payload type setting is recorded within the OTN overhead, which is not true, or that it must be entered manually, which is not necessary. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, OAM and Diagnostics Guide
NEW QUESTION # 22
Suppose a network operator needs to configure the 10GbE client interface 1/7/C1 with a GFP-F encapsulation mode. Which command should be used?
- A. config interface 1/7/C1 tenGige encmode gfp-f
- B. config interface 1/7/C1 encmode 10client gfp-f
- C. config encmode interface 1/7/C1 10client gfp-f
- D. config encmode interface 1/7/C1 tenGige gfp-f
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The command that should be used to configure the 10GbE client interface 1/7/C1 with a GFP-F encapsulation mode is config interface 1/7/C1 encmode 10client gfp-f. This command will set the encapsulation mode of the interface to GFP-F, which is a frame-mapped generic framing procedure that encapsulates Ethernet frames with a GFP header. The command also specifies that the interface is a 10GbE client interface, which means that it supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN signals. The other commands are incorrect because they either have invalid syntax or use incorrect parameters for the interface or the encapsulation mode. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, OAM and Diagnostics Guide
NEW QUESTION # 23
What is the typical severity level of a "Loss of Signal" (LOS) alarm?
- A. Minor
- B. Major
- C. Critical
- D. Warning
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A "Loss of Signal" (LOS) alarm is a critical alarm that indicates that there is no or very bad signal at the physical interface. LOS alarm is also raised when the signal level drops below the threshold, at which a high bit error rate (BER) is predicted. LOS alarm can be caused by physical damage, power outage, or misconfiguration of the equipment. LOS alarm can affect the service availability and performance of the optical network. Therefore, it is typically assigned a critical severity level, which means that it requires immediate attention and resolution2. Other severity levels are major, minor, and warning, which indicate different degrees of impact and urgency of the alarms. References: Troubleshooting Guide for Cisco NCS
1002, T1: A Survival Guide, M-series SONET/SDH alarms and troubleshooting tips
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements about the alarm masking mechanism is TRUE?
- A. The alarm masking mechanism always forwards masked alarms to an external Network Management System (NMS) for alarm correlation.
- B. The alarm masking mechanism makes sure that alarms are always present on the downstream interfaces to facilitate the troubleshooting process.
- C. The alarm masking mechanism preserves the events' original time stamps, when related alarms gets hidden and then eventually displayed because of the mechanism itself, so that the user can still know the date and time of the original issue.
- D. The alarm masking mechanism updates the events' original time stamps when it masks/shows alarms, so that when an alarm is not masked anymore, the user can see the updated date and time associated with the original issue.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The alarm masking mechanism is a feature of the 1830 PSS that prevents unnecessary alarms from being displayed on the GUI or forwarded to an external NMS when they are caused by a known fault or maintenance activity. For example, if an optical link is down due to a fiber cut, there is no need to show alarms for all the downstream interfaces that are affected by the link failure. The alarm masking mechanism hides these alarms until the root cause is resolved, and then shows them again if they persist. The alarm masking mechanism preserves the events' original time stamps when it masks/shows alarms, so that when an alarm is not masked anymore, the user can see the original date and time associated with the issue. This helps to identify and troubleshoot problems more accurately and efficiently. References : Optical User Guide - Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent 1830 PSS-8 and PSS-16 Photonic Service Switch
NEW QUESTION # 25
Consider the exhibit which shows part of an EPT Schematic View. Which number refers to the Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
The Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block is a device that can route optical signals based on their wavelengths.
It can also perform wavelength conversion, multiplexing, and demultiplexing functions. The Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block is part of the Nokia 1830 PSS-8x platform, which is optimized for metro aggregation switching applications in optical transport networks1. In the exhibit, the number 1 refers to the Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block, as indicated by the label WR8-88AF. The other numbers refer to different components of the system, such as transponders, amplifiers, and switches. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, DWDM 1830 PSS-8 WR8-88AF Board
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following is a passive component in a CDC-F network configuration?
- A. WR20-TFM Wavelength Router
- B. 130SCX10 Optical Transponder
- C. MSH4-FSB Fiber Shuffle Module
- D. IRDM20 Integrated ROADM
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A passive component in a CDC-F network configuration is the MSH4-FSB Fiber Shuffle Module. This module is used to rearrange the fibers between the CDC-F modules and the wavelength routers, so that each wavelength router can access any of the 96 wavelengths in the C-band. The MSH4-FSB module does not require any power or active components, and it does not perform any optical amplification or switching2. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Nokia 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS) | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 27
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